Ukraine has urged its citizens living in Russia to leave the country immediately amid growing fears of war.
In addition to the order affecting more than three million people, Ukraine mobilised its military reserves and was set to declare a state of emergency.
Ukraine’s moves came as Russian troops, ordered into two rebel-held regions in eastern Ukraine, were reportedly edging closer to the border.
Russia has begun evacuating its embassy in Kyiv and lowered its flag there.
Western countries have announced a series of sanctions against Russia for recognising the so-called people’s republics of Luhansk and Donetsk in eastern Ukraine as independent states and ordering troops in for “peacekeeping” operations – a claim rejected by the UN Secretary-General and decried as nonsense by the West.
Russia has been backing a bloody armed rebellion in eastern Ukraine for the past eight years. Some 14,000 people – including many civilians – have died in fighting since then.
US President Joe Biden said Russia’s latest actions marked the beginning of an invasion.
Fears of a Russian attack have been rising for months, with more than 150,000 troops massed along Ukraine’s borders, according to US estimates.
Ukraine said it was ordering its citizens to leave Russia because “escalating Russian aggression” could limit consular assistance. Around two million Ukrainians live permanently in Russia and another one to two million more are thought to be staying there as migrant workers.
The military in Kyiv said it was calling up all reservists aged 18 to 60 for a maximum of one year.
The state of emergency is expected to last for 30 days and would give Ukrainian authorities the right to shield its population and statehood from possible danger. Reports suggest it may include the option to impose a curfew if needed.
Ukraine’s latest measures came as it was targeted by a large-scale cyber-attack on Wednesday, affecting government websites and banks.
A minister told Interfax-Ukraine news agency that services for several Ukrainian institutions, including the health, security and foreign ministries, were taken offline in a denial of service (DDOS) attack. Such attacks aim to overwhelm websites by flooding a network with fake traffic and preventing it from communicating normally.
Meanwhile, in eastern Ukraine’s rebel-held areas, separatist leader Denis Pushilin said military mobilisation was gathering pace to counter what he described as Ukrainian aggression, adding that he could also ask Russia for help. Last week he accused Ukraine of planning an imminent offensive and ordered an evacuation of civilians.
Ukraine said no offensive had been planned and it later emerged Mr Pushilin’s order had been recorded two days earlier.
Appearing alongside him on Wednesday, a senior official from Russia’s ruling United Russia party said 93,000 people had so far been evacuated to Russia.
